For Whom Did Christ Die
Early Church and Medieval Patristics:
Saint Ambrose (337-397): the Source of an Idea
Athanasius (293-373) on the Incarnation
Chrysostom (347-407) On the Death of Christ
Augustine (354–430) on the Death of Christ
Prosper of Aquitaine (c.390-c.455) on Redemption
Pope Leo the Great (400-461) on the Death of Christ
Peter Lombard on the Death of Christ: Christ died for all sufficiently, for the elect efficiently
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) on the Death of Christ: Its Nature and Extent
Classic and Moderate Forms of “Calvinism” Documented Thus Far
Reformation Era:
Oecolampadius on the Death of Christ
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) on the Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption
William Tyndale (1494–1536) on the Death of Christ
Martin Luther on John 1:29 (unedited and complete)
Martin Luther (1483–1546) on the Death of Christ
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) on Death of Christ
Erasmus Sarcerius (1501-1559) on the Death of Christ
Wolfgang Musculus on the Redemption of Mankind
Vermigli on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
Augustine Marlorate (1506-1562) on the Death of Christ
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Unlimited Expiation, Sin-Bearing, Redemption and Reconciliation
Miles Coverdale (1488-1568) on the Death of Christ
Pierre Viret on the Death of Christ
Benedictus Aretius (1505-1574) on the Death of Christ
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption
Rudolph Gualther (1519-1586) on the Death of Christ
Some Classic Calvinist Comments on Hebrews 10:29
Zachary Ursinus (1534–1583) on the Death of Christ
Zanchius (1516–1590) on the Death of Christ
Jeremias Bastingius (1551-1595) on the Death of Christ
Jacob Kimedoncius (d. 1596) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation and Redemption
Robert Rollock (1555-1599) on the Death of Christ and Related Issues
William Bucanus (d. 1603) on Unlimited and Limited Redemption
Batholomaeus Keckermann (1571-1609) on the Death of Christ
David Paraeus (1548-1622) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation and Redemption
Second Reformation Era:
Richard Sibbes (1577-1635) on the Death of Christ
John Davenant (1572–1641) on the Death of Christ
William Twisse (1578–1646), the Forgotton Hypothetical Universalist
Thomas Adams (1583-1652) on the Death of Christ
James Usser (1581-1656) on the Extent and Intent of the Death of Christ
Henry Scudder (d. 1652): A Westminster Divine on the Death of Christ
Richard Vines (1600-1655/6) on the Death of Christ
Jean Daille (1594–1670) on the Death of Christ
Nathanael Hardy (1618-1670) on the Death of Christ
Joseph Truman (1631–1671) on the Death of Christ
Stephen Charnock (1628-1680) on the Death of Christ
John Bunyan (1628-1688) on the Death of Christ: Unlimited Expiation
John Howe (1630-1705) on the Redemption of Christ
Post-Reformation Era:
John Humfrey (1621–1719) on the Death of Christ
James Saurin (1677-1730) on the Death of Christ
Experience Mayhew (1673-1758) on the Death of Christ
Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) on the Death of Christ
Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847) on the Death of Christ
Gardner Spring (1785-1873) on Election, Unlimited Atonement and the Free Offer
Charles Hodge (1797-1878) on the Death of Christ
W.G.T. Shedd (1820–1894) on the Death of Christ
Robert L. Dabney (1820-1896) on Unlimited Expiation and Limited Redemption
God’s Will for the Salvation of all Men
God Desires Compliance to his Will and Commands as Standard Reformed Doctrine
John Wycliffe (1320s?-1384) on the Parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost Coin
Erasmus Sarcerius (1501-1559) on God’s Will for the Salvation of All Men
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Christ Came For and Seeks the Salvation of the World and Reprobates
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Lamentations 3:33
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Isaiah 44:22
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Matthew 23:37
John Calvin (1509-1564) on 2 Corinthians 5:20
Wolfgang Musculus on the Revealed Will
Peter Martyr Vermigli on God’s will for the salvation of all men
Andreas Hyperius (1511-1564) on God’s Desire that all Men be Saved
Ursinus (1534–1583) on the Will of God
Amandus Polanus (1561-1610) on the Will of God
Ezekiel Culverwell on the Desire of God for the Salvation of All Men and the Well-Meant Offer
Joseph Truman (1631–1671) on God’s Will for the Salvation of all Men
John Bunyan (1628-1688) on God’s Willingness to Save All Men
Turretin on the Will of God: Its Two-Fold aspect
Turretin on God Desiring and Wishing that All Men be Saved
Rutherford on God’s desire that men be saved by ‘will revealed’
Edward Leigh on the Will of God
James Saurin on God’s Will for the Salvation of Sinners
Hermann Venema on God’s Will that All Men be Saved
Andrew Fuller on the Will of God for the Salvation of Sinners
John Dagg on the Revealed Will
Robert Candlish (1806-1873) on God’s Will and Desire for the Salvation of All Men
Shedd on God’s desire and compassion for the salvation of all men
Berkhof on the Will of God for Salvation of All Men
Samuel Waldron on God’s Will and Desire for the Salvation of All Men
Erroll Hulse on God’s Love and Will For the Salvation of All Men
Sources on God’s Goodness
John Calvin (1509-1564) on God’s Goodness To All
Wolfgang Musculus on the Goodness of God
Stephen Charnock on the Goodness and Severity of God
Edward Leigh on the Goodness of God
Benedict Pictet (1655-1724) on God’s General Goodness and Love
Wilhelmus a’ Brakel on the Goodness of God
John Dick on the Goodness of God: General and Special
John Brown of Haddington (1722-1787) on God’s Goodness: General and Special
The Historicity of the Reformed Doctrine of Electing and non-Electing love
Thomas Aquinas on the Love of God
Wolfgang Musculus on the Love of God
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on God’s Love to Mankind
John Calvin (1509-1564) on General Love
Andreas Hyperius (1511-1564) on God’s Providential Love to Mankind
Augustine Marlorate on the Love and Goodwill of God to Mankind
Benedictus Aretius on God as the Lover of Mankind
Ursinus (1534–1583) on the General Love of God
Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) on the Love of God: General and Special
Jacob Kimedoncius on General Love
Amandus Polanus on the General Love of God
Lucas Trelcatius (1573-1607) on the Gracious Call and General Love to all Men
William Sclater (1575-1627) on the General Love of God
John Davenant on God’s General Love to Mankind
The Westminster Annotations on the Bible: John 3:16 and Electing and Non-electing Love
Richard Sibbes (1577-1635) on General Love
George Swinnock on General and Special Love
Samuel Rutherford (1600-1661) on General Love
David Dickson (1583-1662) on God’s Love and Goodness to Man
Nathanael Hardy (1618-1670) on General Love
Thomas Manton (1620-1677) on General Love
William Bates (1625-1699) on General and Special Love
John Trapp (1601-1669) on God’s General Love: By Way of his Comment on Acts 14:17
Edward Leigh (1602-1671) on General Love
David Clarkson on Non-Electing Love
John Owen (1616-1683) on General Love
Stephen Charnock (1628-1680) on General Love
Francis Turretin (1623-1687) on General Love
John Bunyan (1628-1688) on General and Special Love
Wilhelmus a’ Brakel on General Love
Jonathan Edwards on General Love
Thomas Boston (1676-1732) on the Love of God
John Dick on God’s Geneal Love and Goodness
Andrew Fuller on God’s General Love
George Whitefield on God’s Love for All Declared in the Gospel
Hermann Venema (1697-1787) on the Love of God: General and Special
Heinrich Heppe and the Reformed Doctrine of General Love
William Bullein Johnson on God’s General Love in Relation to John 3:16
James Henly Thornwell on God’s General Love and Matthew 5:44-55
Charles Hodge (1797–1878) on the Love of God: General and Special
James P. Boyce on the Love of God: General and Special
William Shedd (1820-1894) on God’s Universal and Special Love
John Murray on Matthew 5:44-48
The Doctrine of Common Grace in Augustinian and Reformed Theology
Prosper on God’s General Grace
Calvin’s Doctrine of the Grace of God
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Special and Common Grace
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on General and Saving Grace
Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) on the Grace of God: Common and Special
Johannes Wollebius on Common Special Grace in the Light of Depravity Due to Sin
John Davenant: The Reprobate Not Denied Sufficient Grace
William Sclater (1575-1627) on Common Grace
George Swinnock on Common Grace
Robert Harris (Westminster Divine) on Common and Saving Grace
James Durham (1622-1658) Westminster Divine on the Differences Between Common and Saving Grace
Samuel Rutherford on Non-Saving Preparatory Grace
Stephen Charnock on Common Grace
John Marbeck (ca. 1510-ca.1585) on the Grace of God
William Jenkyn (1613-1685) on Common Restraining Grace
Francis Turretin (1613-1687) on Common and Special Grace
Francis Turretin (1613-1687): the Reprobate Not Denied All of God’s Favour
Edward Polhill (1622-1694) on Common Grace: Informal References
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on Common Grace
Wilhelmus a’ Brakel (1635-1711) on Common Grace
Robert Traill (1642-1716) on Common and Special Grace
John Humfrey (1621-1719) on Common and Special Grace
Benedict Pictet (1655-1724) on Common Grace
Thomas Ridgeley (1667?-1734) on Common and Special Restraining Grace
Johannes VanderKemp on the three points of common grace
Experience Mayhew (1673-1758) on Common Grace
Samuel Davies (1723-1761) on Common Grace
Hermann Venema on Common and Special Grace
Heinrich Heppe: Some Early References to the Reformed Doctrine of Common Grace
Heinrich Heppe: The Reprobate Are Not Denied Common Grace
AA Hodge on Common and Effectual Grace
Sources on God’s Mercy
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Divine Mercy
Ursinus (1534–1583) on the General Mercy of God
Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) on the Mercy of God: General and Special
William Ames on the Mercy of God
John Davenant on Divine Mercy and Justice
Samuel Otes (1578/9-1658) on Common and Special Mercy
William Jenkyn (1613-1685) on the Mercy of God: General and Special
Francis Turretin on the Mercy of God
Charles Hodge on the General Mercy of God
Sources on God’s Longsuffering
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on the Longsuffering of God
John Calvin (1509-1564) on God Giving Men Time to Repent
Elnathan Parr (1577-1622) on the Longsuffering of God
George Swinnock on the Longsuffering of God
Wilhemus a’ Brakel on the Longsuffering of God
James Saurin on the Longsuffering of God
Robert Candlish on the Long-Suffering of God, in Relation to the Death of Christ
Sources on Divine Hatred
John Calvin (1509-1564) on God’s Hatred of Sin and Sinner
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on the Wrath of God
Amandus Polanus (1561-1610) on Divine Hatred
William Ames on Divine Hatred in Reprobation
John Davenant on Divine Hatred of Sin and Sinner
The Well-Meant Offer
Sarcerius Erasmus (1501-1559) on the Gospel
John Calvin (1509-1564) on How the Gospel Hardens
John Calvin (1509-1564) on the Free Offer of the Gospel (Selection)
John Calvin (1509-1564) on the Well-Meant Offer by way of Isaiah 65:2 and Romans 10:21
Augustine Marlorate on the Well-Meant Offer
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on the Call and Offer of the Gospel
Jean Taffin (1529–1602), The Offer of the Gospel: What it is, and What it is Not
Daniel Tossanus (1541-1602) on the Gracious Call of the Gospel
Robert Rollock on the Grace Call of God to the Elect and to the Reprobate
Lucas Trelcatius (1573-1607) on the Gracious Call and General Love to all Men
John Preston (1587-1628) on the Well-Meant Offer
John Ball (1585-1640) on the Free Offer of the Gospel
Richard Vines on the Free Offer
Thomas Ridgeley on the Free Offer
John Owen on the Sufficiency of Christ’s Death as the Foundation of the Gospel Offer
Thomas Jacombe (1623-1687) on the Well-Meant offer
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on the Universal Tenders of the Gracious Gospel by way of Titus 2:11-12
The Gracious Offer of the Gospel by way of Titus 2:11-12 from the Matthew Henry Commentaries
Wilhemus a’ Brakel (1635-1711) on the Gracious Call and Gospel Offer
Johannes VanderKemp (1664-1718) on the Well-Meant Offer
Samuel Davies (1723-1761) on the Free Offer in Relation to the Death of Christ
Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847) on Particular Redemption and the Well-Meant Gospel Offer
William Bullein Johnson on the Well-Meant Offer
Dabney on the Offer and Call of the Gospel
William Shedd (1820-1894) on the Free Offer of the Gospel
John Murray on the Well-Meant Offer
Sources on Psalm 81:13
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Psalm 81:13
Westminster Annotations on Psalm 81:13
Matthew Henry (1662-1714) on Psalm 81:13
Sources on Ezekiel 18:23, 32; and 33:11
Luther on Ezekiel 18:23 and 32
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Ezekiel 18:23, 31-32 and 33:11: Relevant Citations
Augustine Marlorate on Ezekiel 18:23
Daniel Tossanus (1541-1602) on Ezekiel 18:23 and 32
Joseph Truman (1631-1671) on Ezekiel 18:31-32
Matthew Henry (1662-1714) on Ezekiel 18:23, 32; and 33:7-9 and 11
William Greenhill on Ezekiel 18:23, 32 and 33:11
Obadiah Hughes (1695-1751) on Ezekiel 33:11 (Informal Reference)
John Murray on Ezekiel 18:23,32; and 33:11
Sources on Matthew 23:37
Martin Luther on Matthew 23:37
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Matthew 23:37
Peter Martyr Vermigli on Matthew 23:37
Augustine Marlorate on Matthew 23:37
Hugh Binning (1627–1653) on Matthew 23:37
Theophilus Gale (1628-1678) on Matthew 23:37
Edward Polhill (1622-1694) on Matthew 23:37
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on Matthew 23:37
Matthew 23:37 from the Matthew Henry (1662-1714) Commentaries
Thomas Boston (1676-1732) on Matthew 23:37
John Murray on Matthew 23:37 and Luke 13:34
Sources on Luke 19:41
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Luke 19:41
Theophilus Gale (1628-1678) on Luke 19:42
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on Luke 19:41
John Howe (1630-1705) on God’s Disposition to Lost Sinners by way of Luke 19:41
Dabney on Luke 19:41 and His Chastising the “Extremists” Calvinists
Sources on John 1:29
Chrysostom (347-407) on John 1:29-31
John Wycliffe (1320s?-1384) on John 1:29
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on John 1:29
John Calvin (1509-1564) on John 1:29
Sources on John 3:16
Wolfgang Musculus on John 3:16
John Calvin (1509-1564) on John 3:16
Thomas Becon (1512–1567) on John 3:16
Pierre Viret (1511-1571) on God’s Love to the World
Augustine Marlorate on John 3:16-17
Daniel Tossanus (1541-1602) on John 3:16
John Preston: An Informal Reference to John 3:16 and the True Sufficiency of Christ for all
Hugh Binning (1627–1653) on John 3:16
Edmund Calamy (1600-1666) on John 3:16
John Trapp (1601-1669) on John 3:16
Ezekiel Culverwell on John 3:16
Joseph Truman (1631-1671) on John 3:16 and John 12:47
Thomas Manton (1620-1677) on John 3:16
John Howe (1630-1705) on John 3:16
Edward Polhill (1622-1694) on God’s Love With Reference to John 3:16
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on John 3:14-17
John Humfrey (1621–1719) on John 3:16
Thomas Boston (1676-1732) on John 3:16
Ralph Wardlaw (1779-1853) on John 3:16
Robert Candlish (1806-1873) on John 3:16
Dabney on 1 John 2:2 and John 3:16 (and 2 Cor 5:15)
Sources on Romans 2:4
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Romans 2:4
William Sclater (1575-1627) on Roms 2:4-5
John Trapp (1601-1669) on Romans 2:4
Thomas Gouge (1605-1681) Direct References and Allusions to Romans 2:4
John Flavel (1627-1691) on Romans 2:4
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on Romans 2:1-5
Romans 2:4 From the Matthew Henry (1662-1714) Commentaries
Sources on Ephesians 2:3
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Ephesians 2:3
James Fergusson on Ephesians 2:3
Ephesians 2:3 from the Matthew Henry (1662-1714) Commentaries
Leon Morris (1914-2006) on Ephesians 2:3
Andrew Lincoln on Ephesians 2:3
Sources on 1 Timothy 2:4, 5 and 6
Thomas Aquinas on 1 Timothy 2:4
William Tyndale (1494–1536) on 1 Timothy 2:4
Martin Luther on 1 Timothy 2:4-6
Musculus: 1 Timothy 2:4 and the Preaching of the Gospel ‘Unto All’
John Calvin (1509-1564) on 1 Timothy 2:4-6
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on 1 Timothy 2:4
Peter Martyr Vermigli on 1 Timothy 2:4
Augustine Marlorate’s Passing Reference to 1 Timothy 2:4
Benedictus Aretius commenting on 1 Timothy 2:4
John de l’ Espine (1506-1597) on 1 Timothy 2:5: Informal Reference
Robert Rollock (1555-1599) on 1 Timothy 2:4
John Davenant on 1 Timothy 2:4
Thomas Adams on 1 Timothy 2:4 (with 2 Peter 3:9): an informal reference
Edward Polhill (1622-1694) on 1 Timothy 2:4, (with Ezekiel 33:11)
Stephen Charnock on 1 Timothy 2:5-6
The Matthew Henry (1662-1714) Commentaries on 1 Timothy 2:1-6
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on 1 Timothy 2:3-5
Thomas Boston (1676-1732) on 1 Timothy 2:4
Charles Hodge on 1 Timothy 2:4
AA Hodge on 1 Timothy 2:4 and Ezekiel 18:23
Sources on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
Athanasius on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
Prosper’s affirmation of classic Incarnational Christology
Vermigli on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
Stephen Charnock referencing Heb 2:9
Hebrews 2:9 and 14 from the Poole Commentaries
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on Hebrews 2:9 and 14
Sources on 2 Peter 2:1 (and Jude 4)
John Calvin (1509-1564) on 2 Peter 2:1 and Jude 4
Augustine Marlorate on 2 Peter 2:1, by way of Jude 4
Andrew Willet on 2 Peter 2:1 by way of Jude 4
Archibald Symson on 2 Peter 2:1
John Cotton (1585–1652) on 2 Peter 2:1
The Westminster Annotations (Second Edition) on 2 Peter 2:1 and Jude 4
Samuel Otes (1578/9-1658) on Jude 4
2 Peter 2:1 from the Henry Commentaries
John Trapp (1601-1669) on 2 Peter 2:1
Nathanael Hardy (1618-1670) on 2 Peter 2:1 and Jude 4
William Burkitt (1650-1703) On 2 Peter 2:1
Douglas Kennard on 2 Peter 2:1
Sources on 2 Peter 3:9
John Calvin (1509-1564) on 2 Peter 3:9
Augustine Marlorate on 2 Peter 3:9
The Geneva Bible and 2 Peter 3:9
David Paraeus on 2 Peter 3:9 and Roms 2:4
Hugh Binning (1627–1653) on 2 Peter 3:9 and the Long-Suffering of God
John Arrowsmith (Westminster Divine) on 2 Peter 3:9
Thomas Manton (1620-1677) on 2 Peter 3:9
Edward Polhill (1622-1694) on 2 Peter 3:9, with Reference to John Calvin
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on 2 Peter 3:9
John Howe (1630-1705) on God willing the salvation of all men
Daniel de Superville (1657-1728) on 2 Peter 3:9
Thomas Boston (1676-1732) on 2 Peter 3:9
Richard Fuller Referencing Ezekial 33:11 and 2 Peter 3:9
Robert Letham on 2 Peter 3:9 in Response to John Owen on the Same
O. Palmer Robertson’s Footnote Comment on 2 Peter 3:9
Sources on 1 John 2:2
John Calvin (1509-1564) on 1 John 2:2 With Commentary by Charles Bell
Thomas Jacombe (1623-1687) on 1 John 2:2
William Burkitt (1650-1703) on 1 John 2:1-2
The Divine Decree
The ‘Eodem Modo’ clause in the “Conclusion of the Synod of Dort”
John Davenant on the Danger of “Ordering” the Decrees of God
Turretin’s Critique of Supralapsarianism
James Saurin (1677-1730) on Supralapsarianism
Dabney on the Ordering of the Decrees
Charles Hodge on Ephesians 3:9-10
AA Hodge on Supra-Lapsarianism
Bavinck on Infra- and Supralapsarianism
G.C. Berkouwer on Infra- and Supralapsarianism
Sources on Predestination and Reprobation
Thomas Aquinas on Predestination and Reprobation
Amandus Polanus on Reprobation
Johannes Wollebius on Reprobation
William Sclater (1575-1627) on Reprobation
Wilhelmus à Brakel (1635-1711) on Election and Reprobation
John Brown of Haddington (1722-1787) on Divine Reprobation
Heinrich Heppe’s Summary of the Reformed Doctrine of Reprobation
John Murray Commenting on Romans 9:22-24
Sources on Divine Providence
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on the Providence of God
John Marbeck (ca. 1510-ca.1585) on the Providence of God
Amandus Polanus on the Providence of God
Johannes Wollebius on the Providence of God
Johannes Wollebius on Fall of Man and God’s Providence and Decree
Francis Turretin on Divine Concurrence
Sources on Divine Permission of Sin
The Second Helvetic Confession on Divine Permission of Sin
Archbishop James Ussher: The Irish Articles on Divine Permission of Sin
The Westminster Confession on Divine Permission of Sin
Thomas Aquinas On Divine Permission of Sin
Aquinas: God Does Not Will Evil
John Calvin (1509-1564) on God’s Willing Permission of Sin (A Selection of Relevant Comments)
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575): God Does Not Will Evil
Ursinus (1534–1583) on God’s Permission of Sin
John Marbeck (ca. 1510-ca.1585): God is not the Author or Proper Cause of Sin
Jean Taffin on Providence and Permission
Bucanus on Divine Permission of Sin
Amandus Polanus on Divine Permission of Sin
Johannes Wollebius on the Permissive Decree
Edward Leigh on God’s Governance of Sin
Turretin on God’s Providence Over Sin
Benedict Pictet (1655-1724) on God’s Governance of Sin
Experience Mayhew (1673-1758) on Divine Permission of Sin
John Brown of Haddington (1722-1787) on Divine Permission
Heinrich Heppe Divine Permission of Sin as Standard Reformed Doctrine
AA Hodge on God’s Permission of Sin and Evil
Faith as Assurance
Wolfgang Fabricius Capito (1478-1541) on the Definition of Faith
John Calvin (1509-1564) on Faith as Assurance
Andreas Hyperius (1511-1564) on the Definition of Faith
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on Faith as a Sure and Steadfast Confidence
Peter Martyr Vermigli on Faith as Assured Assent
John Marbeck (ca. 1510-ca.1585) on What Faith Is
Jeremias Bastingius (1551-1595) on Faith as Assurance
Ursinus (1534–1583) on Faith as Assurance
John de l’ Espine (1506-1597) on Faith as Assurance
Bartholomaus Keckermann (1571-1609) on the Definition of Faith
Jean Daille as Faith as Assurance
John Colquhoun on Assurance of Salvation in Marrow Theology
The Work of the Trinity in the Work of Redemption
John Calvin (1509-1564) on the Economic Roles of the Trinity in the Work of Christ
Davenant on the Work of the Trinity in the Work of Redemption
John Humfrey (1621–1719) on The Work of the Trinity in the Work of Redemption
Charles Hodge (1797-1878) On the Work of the Trinity in the Work of Salvation
Shedd on Work of the Trinity in the Salvation of Man
Tony Lane on John Calvin and the Work of Trinity in Redemption
Curt Daniel on the Work of the Trinity in the Death of Christ
The Classic “Sufficient for all, Efficient for the elect” and its Revision
Classic
Peter Lombard on the Death of Christ: Christ died for all sufficiently, for the elect efficiently
Thomas Aquinas on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
John Calvin (1509-1564) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
Peter Martyr Vermigli on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
Jeremias Bastingius (1551-1595) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
William Bucanus (d. 1603) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
David Paraeus on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
Arthur Dent (died 1607): Christ Died for all Sufficiently
Elnathan Parr (1577-1622) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
William Sclater (1575-1627) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
John Ball (1585-1640) on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
John Davenant on the Sufficiency and Efficiency of Christ’s Death
Richard Baxter (1615-1691) On the Sufficiency of Christ’s Death
Experience Mayhew (1673-1758) on the Sufficiency of Christ’s Death
Revised
John Owen on the revision of the sufficient-efficient formula
Turretin on the Revised Sufficient-Efficient formula
Herman Witsius on the Revised Sufficient-Efficient Formula
Abraham Booth (1734-1806) On the Sufficiency of Christ’s Death
Walker on the revision of the sufficient-efficient formula
Heinrich Heppe’s brief survey of the Sufficient-Efficient formula
William Cunningham on the revision of the sufficient-efficient formula
AA Hodge on the revision of the sufficient-efficient formula
Berkhof acknowledging the change of language in the sufficient-efficient formula
Sources on the Doctrine of the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Moses Amyraut (1596-1664) on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Calamy and Seaman on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Joseph Truman (1631-1671) on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Obadiah Hughes on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
The Marrow Theology on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Samuel Davies (1723-1761) on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
John Brown of Haddington on the Removal of legal Obstacles
Charles Hodge on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
R. L. Dabney on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
W.G.T. Shedd on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
AA Hodge on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
James P. Boyce on the Removal of Legal Obstacles
Contra
B.B. Warfield on the Removal of Legal Obstacles: An Exercise in Missing the Point
On the Distinction Between Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction
Andrew Fuller on Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction and the Role of Metaphor
Andrew Fuller (1754-1815) on the True Meaning of Imputation (Part 1)
Charles Hodge on Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction and the Role of Metaphor
AA Hodge on Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction
Dabney on the Distinction between Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction
Samuel Spear on Pecuniary and Penal Satisfaction
J.I. Packer on Civil and Penal Debt
Knox Chamblin on Ransom as Deliverance: Not Payment
Douglas Kennard on the Non Pecuniary Nature of Petrine Redemption
Qualitative Equivalency Versus Quantitative Equivalency
Thomas Manton (1620-1677) on Christ Suffering the Tantundem, not the Idem of the Law’s Punishment
Joseph Truman (1631-1671) on Christ Suffering the Tantundem, not the Idem of the Law’s Punishment
John Dick on Christ Suffering the Just Equivalent Not the Quantum of the Law’s Punishment
Contra
John Owen (1616-1683) on Christ Suffering the Idem, Not the Tantundem of the Law’s Punishment
Double Payment/Double Jeopardy Fallacy (aka Owen’s Trilemma)
John Davenant and the Double Payment Fallacy
Edward Polhill on the Double Jeopardy/Double Payment fallacy
Nathanael Hardy on Conditional Satisfaction (Contra the Double-Payment dilemma)
Charles Hodge on the Double Payment/Double Jeopardy Fallacy
Shedd on Double Jeopardy and Double Payment
Dabney on the Double Payment Fallacy
Carl Trueman on Owen’s Double-Payment Dilemma
Pre-20th Century Historiography on Calvin on the Extent of the Atonement
Diversity at Dort
The Delegates from Hesse on the Death of Christ
The Delegates from Gelderland on the Death of Christ
The Delegates from Wetteraw on the Death of Christ
Bishop George Carleton on the Death of Christ
John Hales, English Chaplain at Dort
Early Confessions and the Extent of the Atonement
Confessional Fragments from Zwingli on the Death of Christ
Calvin, The Consensus Tigurinus and the Reconciliation of God to the World
English Confession of Faith and the Death of Christ
The Thirty-Nine Articles and the Atonement
The Second Helvetic Confession and the Atonement
The Heidelberg Catechism and the Death of Christ
Catechism Minor Eccl. Tigurinus and the Extent of the Atonement
RL Dabney on Question 37 of the Heidelberg Catechism
The United Presbyterian Church Declaratory Act of 1879
Sources on Amyraldianism, Amyraut, and Testard
Amyraut on the ordering of the decrees
Amyraut affirms the classic Lombardian distinctions
Testard affirms the classic Lombardian distinctions
Theophilus Gale (1628-1678) on Davenant and Amyraut
Laurence Proctor on Amyraut’s “Christ Died Equally For All”
Richard Muller on Non-Amyraldian Precedents to Hypothetical Universalism
Carl R. Trueman on Amyraldianism
Historiography on ‘conditional decree/will’
Jacob Kimedoncius on Musculus: All Men Conditionally Appointed to Life
Erasmus Sarcerius on Conditional Predestination
Martin Bucer on Conditional Predestination
Twisse on Bucer on Conditional Predestination
Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) on All Men are Bound to Believe in their Election in Christ
Twisse on Zanchi on Conditional Election
Davenant on Bucer (with Zanchi) on ‘Each Man is Bound to Believe he has been Elected’
William Sclater (1575-1627) on Zanchi on ‘Each Man is Bound to Believe he has been Elected’
Experience Mayhew (1673-1758) on Twisse on “Each Man is Bound to Believe that Christ Died for Him”
John Davanent on Conditional Decree
Bishop Joseph Hall (1574–1656), on “Conditional Decree” and “Will” in Early Reformation Theology
Amyraut on “Conditional Predestination”
John Davenant on the Conditonal and Revealed ‘Intention’ of God for the Salvation of All Men
Edward Polhill on ‘Conditional Decree’ as Will Revealed
John Calvin (1509-1564) on God’s Conditional Will
Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590) the Conditional Will of God
Amyraut on God’s Conditional Will for the Salvation of All Men
Amandus Polanus on God’s Conditional Revealed Will
Johannes Wollebius on God’s Conditional Revealed Wil
Ezekiel Culverwell on God’s Conditonal Will in Relation to the Free Offer of the Gospel
Edward Leigh on God’s Conditional Revealed Will
God’s Conditional Covenant with Mankind
Zwingli on God’s New Covenant with the Human Race
Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) on God’s Covenant with Mankind
Hypothetical and Universal Covenant of Grace: An Early Source
John Davenant on the Covenant: Conditional and Absolute
John Preston on the Covenant of Grace: Absolute and Particular and Conditional and Universal
Richard Vines (Westminster Divine) and the Foedus Hypotheticum (with reference to John 3:16)
Obadiah Sedgwick on the Foedus Hypotheticum
Nathanael Hardy (1618-1670) on the Covenant
Calvin and Heshusius
John Calvin and Tileman Heshusius
Understanding Calvin’s Argument Against Heshusius
Curt Daniel on Calvin and Heshusius
Charles Bell on Calvin and Heshusius
Alan Clifford on Calvin and Heshusius
G. Michael Thomas on Calvin and Heshusius
Pieter Rouwendal on Calvin and Heshusius
Negative Inference Fallacy
